Discussion on the Problems of Vitek 2 Compact Advanced Expert System to Identify Carbapenemase Phenotypes in Isolates of Enterobacteriaceae / 现代检验医学杂志

Objective To explore the accuracy of Vitek 2 compact advanced expert system (AES) in indicating and analyze the carbapenemases-resisting Enterobacteriaceae phenotypes,and further investigate the methods to make up the AES.Methods 28 Enterobacteriaceae strains with Imipenem-Nonsusceptible by Vitek 2 compact,but AES suggested all production of carbapenemases were isolated.And imipenem susceptibility was determined by the disk diffusion method.Modified Hodge test (MHT) and the metallo-β-1actamase was detected by the double disk synergy method.Resistance genes were detected by the PCR amplification.Results ESBLs gene was amplified from all 28 selected strains,16 of which was detected KPC gene,and no strain of metallo-β-1actamases-producing bacteria.With carbapenemase gene detection as the gold standard,the accuracy of AES was 57.1％.Disc diffusion method detection accuracy rate of imipenem was 100％,and for 100％ of MHT accuracy.PCR amplification,MHT and the disk diffusion displayed the same result in detecting carbapenemases,but different with AES (x2 =10.08,P＜0.05).Conclusion The indications of the presence of carbapenemases using AES was not completely correct with a certain false-positive,and it is necessary to take other methods,such as disk diffusion or MHT methods,and improve the reliability of medicine-sensitivity tests.

Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry for rapid identification of clinical isolates / 医学研究生学报

Objective Laboratory tests of yeast, with their disadvantages of long identification, complicated operation, and low positive rate, cannot meet the needsof rapid diagnosis and timely treatment.This studyinvestigated the feasibility ofapplying matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry ( MALDI-TOF-MS) in rapid identification and clinical isolationof yeast strains. Methods A total of 120 clinical non-repetitive isolates were collected from clinical culture samples and identified by MALDI-TOF-MS and VITEK 2-Compact/API, respectively.The discordant results were resolved by ITS gene sequencing. Results Of the 120 yeast isolates analyzed, 117 (97.5%) were correctly identified at the species level by MALDI-TOF-MS, 1(0.8%) misidenti-fied, and 2 ( 1.7%) unidentified.ITS gene sequencing of the 3 isolates showed the coincidence rate to be 0( 0/3) for MALDI-TOF-MS and Vitek 2-Compact/API. Conclusion MALDI-TOF-MScan be used as a rapid, accurate, and inexpensive tool for the identification of clinical yeast strains.

Design of Smart Care Tele-Monitoring System for Mother and Fetus / 中国医疗器械杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study and design a maternal and fetal monitoring system based on the cloud computing and internet of things, which can monitor and take smart care of the mother and fetus in 24 h.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Using a new kind of wireless fetal monitoring detector and a mobile phone, thus the doctor can keep touch with hospital through internet. The mobile terminal was developed on the Android system, which accepted the data of fetal heart rate and uterine contraction transmitted from the wireless detector, exchange information with the server and display the monitoring data and the doctor's advice in real-time.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The mobile phone displayed the fetal heart rate line and uterine contraction line in real-time, recorded the fetus' grow process. It implemented the real-time communication between the doctor and the user, through wireless communication technology.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The system removes the constraint of traditional telephone cable for users, while the users can get remote monitoring from the medical institutions at home or in the nearest community at any time, providing health and safety guarantee for mother and fetus.</p>

Study on the Mechanism of Quinolone Resistance in Pseudomonas Aeruginosa / 现代检验医学杂志

Objective 30 Pseudomonasaeruginosa mechanism of resistance to quinolones.Methods For the determination of ciprofloxacin MIC by agar dilution method.Used PCR on DNA gyrase and topoisomerase Ⅳ,resistance genes gyrA,gyrB, parC and parE were amplified,and BLAST,to determine whether there was resistance to bits mutation point;using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE)of these 30 strains homology analysis.Results The 28 bacterial strains gyrA gene ampli-fied fragment of 137 points were C→T mutation causes T83I;17 strains gyrB gene amplified fragment of 351 G→C lead to G466A;parC gene amplification 21 bacteria fragment 277 point increase with C→U mutation causes S87L change two differ-ent strains parE gene locus C→U mutation A425V and A473V cause change.PFGE results:30 Pseudomonas aeruginosa could be divided into six clones,Aclone 4,B clone 7,C clone 3,D clone 14,and two other single clones.Conclusion The tar-get mutant strains closely related to the epidemic clone type,the same changes in the same pop-type strains of drug targets, and proportional to the level of ciprofloxacin MICs value,the more the number of mutated genes,MICs value higher.GyrA gene most prone to mutation,the mutation was also the first to be discovered,more than any other target of the mutation mutations on binding of drugs and targets that would be the focus of concern.

Epigenetic factors in rheumatoid arthritis / 中华检验医学杂志

Epigenetics is defined as heritable changes in genc expression that are,unlike mutations,not attributable to alterations in the sequence of DNA.The predominant epigenetic mechanisms are DNA methylation,histone modification and microRNA.Exploring the precise roles of epigenetic factors on autoimmunity has become an active research area.Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune inflammatory disorder with a prevalence of approximately 0.5％ to 1.0％ worldwide.The mechanisms underlying the initiation and progression of RA are still not completely understood.In recent years,the epigenetics of RA have been widely investigated.Alterations in the modification of histones and DNA methylation are the two major epigenetic mechanisms that may potentially cause a breakdown of immune tolerance and the perpetuation of RA.These epigenetic changes may be ideal targets for new personalized treatments.

Immunohistochemical technology of labeling skin of inner mongolia cashmere goats with BrdU / 中国免疫学杂志

Objective:The purpose of this study is to investigate the feasibility of labeling skin of inner mongolia cashmere goats with BrdU,and to optimize its immunohistochemical conditions.Methods:We injected different dose of BrdU into the neck vein of cashmere goats,then we took samples from the back skin of the goats,fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde.Next the samples were embedded with paraffin and sectioned.We examined the samples with immunohistochemical technology to test the effect of the influencing factors to labeling results as the BrdU injection,such as dosage,the concentration of second antibody and streptavidin-peroxidase,the way of antigen pretreatment,and DNA denature temperature.Results:We observed red BrdU positive cells in labeled goats whereas not in the control.Meanwhile,in the samples of the unlabeled goats or those incubated with PBS,no nuclear staining is observed.Conclusion:BrdU can be used for labeling of inner mongolia cashmere goats in vivo,which have no obvious dosage effect.The best condition of labeling is that puttig the section in 2 mol/L HCl 30 min at 37℃,in trypsin 30 min at 37℃.The most appropriate concentration of biotin-conjugated second antibody and streptavidin-peroxidase is 1∶100,under which the results of immunohistochemical are the best.